Contact eczema is an inflammation of the skin with a red, itchy rash caused by an external factor. Most often as irritation eczema, but sometimes due to allergies. Allergy development, sensitization, develops over time and depends on the strength, frequency and duration of exposure. Hand eczema is the most frequent form of contact eczema, followed by eczema on the face and especially the eyelids. Around 80% of hand eczema is irritative and allergy is the cause in only 20% of cases.
Irritating substances on the skin can lead to contact dermatitis in anyone. Soap and frequent hand washing are the most common causes of irritant hand eczema. Different occupations give different exposure to substances that can lead to contact dermatitis on an irritative or allergic basis. In case of suspicion, a review of the product leaflet for various products may be necessary and is seen in connection with a test by a dermatologist for contact allergy, a so-called patch test. Patch test is the same as epicutan test. Allergic eczema can be caused by contact with, for example, metals, perfumes, preservatives in creams, soaps or detergents. It is not always necessary to test. Nickel allergy is very common, especially in women, and many have a typical medical history of an eczema reaction when the skin comes into contact with nickel-containing jewellery, belt or bra buckles.
Sometimes the dermatologist will recommend testing a small area of skin with the product to which an allergy is suspected, a so-called user test. If eczema develops in the relevant area, it confirms allergy as the cause with great certainty. Such a test must only be carried out with products that are intended to be on the skin over time. User tests with products that are not intended to remain on the skin over time may cause skin irritation or caustic damage and do not prove an allergic reaction either. Photoallergic contact dermatitis is when sunlight in combination with a substance such as sunscreen, perfume and certain plant substances causes an eczema reaction. People with atopic eczema have an increased risk of developing contact dermatitis due to reduced barrier function in the skin. Some people develop a contact allergy to creams used in the treatment of eczema and this should be suspected if the effect of the usual eczema treatment is poorer.
The most important thing is to remove or reduce exposure to the cause. In addition, the eczema is treated with standard eczema treatment, usually cortisone cream possibly supplemented by calcineurin inhibitor cream/ointment. Moisturizer is also used. Sometimes there may have been a skin infection which also needs to be dealt with. In case of hand eczema, gloves are recommended for wet work. Tablet treatment is relevant for a minority. Prognosis depends on the type of eczema, further exposure and whether the person has atopic eczema.
Our dermatologists help people of all ages, from newborns to the elderly, with everything from simple skin changes to serious conditions.
Our dermatologists help people of all ages, from newborns to the elderly, with everything from simple skin changes to serious conditions.
