Atopic dermatitis is the most common form of eczema. It typically starts in childhood and often improves or resolves in adulthood. The rash typically appears on the face and flexural areas such as the elbows and knees. It is rarely possible to identify allergy as the cause of atopic dermatitis, but individuals with allergies affecting the mucous membranes (e.g., hay fever and asthma) are more prone to atopic dermatitis. The main cause of itch is the activation of the immune system in the skin, so treatments that suppress the immune activity in the skin (e.g., corticosteroid creams) can reduce it. Frequent use of moisturizers can also reduce the need for corticosteroid creams. There are several treatment options for atopic dermatitis, which should be discussed with a general practitioner, pediatrician, or dermatologist.
This type of eczema is common and often starts during adolescence. It is characterized by an itchy and dry scalp with dandruff. The skin often appears greasy. Some individuals may develop a rash on the face next to the nose and eyebrows, while others may have a rash in the armpits, over the sternum, or in the genital area. Treatment typically involves antifungal creams or corticosteroids.
Contact dermatitis occurs when substances that come into contact with the skin cause eczema. It often occurs on the hands and face. The substances that come into contact with the skin can either be irritants (such as water and soap) or allergens (such as nickel, skincare products, plants, and hair dyes). In cases of allergic contact dermatitis, it usually takes 1-2 days from the exposure to the development of eczema. If a person has allergic contact dermatitis in one area of the skin, the allergic substance can also cause eczema in another area of the skin.
An itchy rash triggered by the sun can have various causes. Sometimes, sunlight can cause a condition called polymorphic light eruption, where the cause is unknown. Other times, the rash may occur due to a combination of sun exposure and topical or oral medication. Examples of such medications include antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Eczema on the hands can have many causes, including contact dermatitis or atopic dermatitis. Regardless of the cause, proper and gentle skincare is essential, such as avoiding excessive use of soap, water, and irritating substances. Individuals who work as hairdressers, in cleaning, or in healthcare are at risk of hand eczema.
This type of eczema produces round, coin-sized red patches, usually measuring 1-3 cm in diameter. The patches of skin are often dry and can resemble psoriasis or a fungal infection. In some cases, the eczema may ooze and crust, indicating a bacterial infection as a contributing factor. Itch can be extremely bothersome.
This type of eczema occurs on the feet and legs. Swelling (stasis) in the legs is often the primary triggering factor. Varicose veins and dry skin also play a role. The rash typically appears on both legs. It predominantly affects older adults. Treatment involves reducing the swelling (e.g., through the use of compression stockings) and using creams.
If moisturizers or mild corticosteroid creams do not provide relief, it is advisable to consult a doctor. These creams can be purchased over the counter at pharmacies. It is often beneficial to treat eczema before it becomes widespread and very bothersome. A doctor can determine the specific type of eczema and perform necessary skin tests.
