Genital warts are small growths that appear on the skin and mucous membranes. They are often skin-coloured and range in size from 1 to 5 mm. They can have a rough, knobby surface, be raised, stalk-like, or flat. Genital warts can occur individually or in groups or clusters. They are commonly found around the genital area but can also occur around the anal opening. Genital warts are not dangerous and usually cause minimal symptoms, aside from cosmetic concerns. Some individuals may experience mild itch or discomfort.
The diagnosis of genital warts is primarily based on their appearance and medical history, making it a clinical diagnosis. Additional testing is usually not necessary.
Genital warts are caused by the sexually transmitted infection known as the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact. The most common types of HPV infections associated with genital warts are HPV types 6 and 11. These types of HPV are not associated with cellular changes or cervical cancer. Genital warts can develop within weeks to several months after exposure to the virus.
Genital warts can resolve on their own without treatment, but it can take several months to a year. When they disappear naturally, they usually do not leave any scarring. If you wish to expedite the process, there are effective home treatments available for genital warts. Two different options for home treatment involve applying either a liniment or a cream directly to the warts.
If home treatment is not successful, cryotherapy (freezing) of the warts can be performed by a general practitioner or dermatologist. Laser treatment may be suitable if the warts are extensive or if other treatments have been ineffective.
It is important to note that not all growths on the genital area are genital warts. There are normal variations such as small growths at the vaginal entrance and along the edge of the glans penis that are not warts. Molluscum contagiosum can resemble genital warts.
