These three types of cancer originate in the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin. The epidermis contains many types of cells, with the most abundant being squamous cells. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma arise from squamous cells, while melanoma, or malignant melanoma, develops in pigment-producing cells called melanocytes, which are also present in the epidermis.
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer. It can occur in individuals as young as 20 years old but is most common in people over 50 years old. It can develop anywhere on the skin but is most frequently found on the face and upper body.
Risk factors include:
Basal cell carcinoma can appear as a skin-coloured small nodule, a small red sore with a crust, or a flat red patch. Most people seek medical attention before the tumor reaches one centimeter in size. If left untreated, the tumor may grow larger, but it takes several years.
Treatment can be done in various ways. The dermatologist will often perform a biopsy (tissue sample) to confirm the diagnosis.
The tumor can be surgically removed through a minor surgical procedure. It can also be scraped off and frozen.
Photodynamic therapy is another commonly used treatment method.In this type of treatment, a cream is first applied to the skin. Over a few hours, the cream penetrates the tumor and the area is then illuminated with a special lamp for a few minutes. The light from the lamp activates the cream, which selectively kills the cancer cells.
Home treatment with a cream is also possible, but it extends over several weeks and can cause significant redness and inflammation in the area. Such creams activate the body's immune system.
The prognosis for treated basal cell carcinoma is very good.
This type of cancer usually occurs in older individuals.
Risk factors include:
Squamous cell carcinoma can appear as a skin-colored or red nodule on the skin, often slightly tender. It can also resemble a wart, a sore with a crust, or a flat red patch. If left untreated, the tumor can spread to lymph nodes and cause severe illness.
Treatment usually involves surgical removal of the tumor and the surrounding skin.In some cases, radiation therapy may also be necessary.
The prognosis is generally good for most individuals, but it depends on factors such as tumor size and location on the body.
This is a precancerous condition that arises from squamous cells in the epidermis. In some cases, it can develop into squamous cell carcinoma over several years.
Risk factors include:
Actinic keratoses, also known as solar keratoses, are referred to as "sun-damaged skin" and involve cell changes in the skin.
They most commonly occur on the face, scalp, chest, and dorsal surfaces of the hands. They typically appear as small, red, slightly dry patches that are less than one centimeter in size. A person usually has multiple lesions.
Treatment typically involves freezing (cryotherapy) or photodynamic therapy using a cream and light. Home treatment with a cream is also possible, but it takes several weeks, and it can result in significant redness and inflammation in the area. Such creams activate the body's immune system.
