The rash is caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus, which lies dormant in nerve cells after a previous chickenpox infection. The virus spreads along the nerves to the skin and affects always just one side of the body. The most common location on the body is the chest. Blister-like rash may appear simultaneously with discomfort such as itch, tingling, and burning in the area or a few days later. Over time, there is often pain in the area, and the rash becomes more crusty. The degree and duration of pain can vary significantly. Some individuals experience severe pain, and some may have long-lasting pain, known as postherpetic neuralgia.
For mild pain, over-the-counter pain relievers like paracetamol or ibuprofen can be used. Cooling the area with cold baths or ice packs can also provide relief. Treatment with antiviral medication prescribed by a doctor, initiated within 72 hours and preferably as early as possible, can lead to faster recovery, milder symptoms, and reduce the risk of postherpetic neuralgia.
In the case of herpes zoster on the face, especially near the eye, medical attention should be sought the same day.
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Shingles is not highly contagious, but the virus from the blisters can infect others and cause chickenpox. Therefore, the rash should be covered. Caution should be exercised when in contact with pregnant women and newborns. Pregnant women who are exposed to chickenpox and are uncertain of their immunity should be tested for varicella zoster virus antibodies.
Yes, there is a vaccine available for certain age groups. The vaccine reduces the incidence of shingles by about half and decreases the risk of postherpetic neuralgia as well as its duration. It is necessary to check for a history of chickenpox before vaccination.
