Penile papules are a normal anatomical variation. They are benign and not harmful. However, some individuals may find them cosmetically bothersome and/or be concerned that they represent a (contagious/dangerous) disease. They are not contagious, unlike genital warts (condylomas). They are also not indicative of cancer or any other disease. There is a wide range of prevalence estimates for penile papules, ranging from approximately 10% to 40%.
Penile papules appear as one or more rows of skin tags along or just below the edge of the glans penis. They usually encircle the entire circumference of the penis and are most prominent on the upper side.
Each individual penile papule is approximately 1-4 mm in size. They may have a slightly shiny appearance (hence the term "pearly penile papules"). Penile papules do not cause any discomfort, except for potential anxiety about disease and/or self-consciousness. The diagnosis is based on appearance. In extremely rare cases, a biopsy (tissue sample) may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other causes.
Penile papules are a normal anatomical variation and consist of connective tissue and small blood vessels. The exact cause of their formation is uncertain. Sexual activity and hygiene do not play a role in the development of penile papules.
Penile papules do not require treatment. They often become less visible with age and may completely disappear on their own. If an individual is significantly bothered by the growths, they may consider removal using techniques such as laser treatment or cryotherapy (freezing). However, such procedures are often unnecessary and rarely performed due to the risk of scarring.
Each individual penile papule may somewhat resemble genital warts (condylomas). However, penile papules appear in one or more rows and have a symmetrical distribution in the specified locations. Genital warts typically occur as single lesions or in smaller clusters without the same symmetry. Genital warts also have a rougher, wart-like surface. Penile papules are not caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) like genital warts.
There are also scattered sebaceous glands on the penis that may resemble penile papules. Similar to penile papules, these are normal anatomical structures and not indicative of any disease.
