Lichen planus can occur in both women and men, usually after the age of 30. It is a relatively rare skin condition and almost never occurs in children. The course of the disease is usually chronic, meaning it typically lasts for at least a few months. Lichen planus is also known as lichen ruber.
Lichen planus can have a characteristic appearance, with slightly raised angular small nodules that have a deep red, almost purple color and often have shiny white streaks on the surface. The term "lichen planus" means "flat lichen". The rash typically appears on the inner wrists, lower back, ankles, and mucous membranes in the mouth and genital area. The lesions can range in size from millimetres to several centimetres. In mucous membranes, the rash is often white or red and may sometimes lead to ulceration. Lichen planus can also affect the hair and nails. A skin biopsy can often confirm the doctor's suspicion of lichen planus. Lichen planus on the skin often disappears within one to two years, while lichen planus on mucous membranes can last for many years. After the disease has been active, dark spots may remain on the skin for several years, particularly in individuals with darker skin tones.
Lichen planus is an inflammation of the skin where the triggering cause can be an activation of the immune system associated with an infection, medications, and skin injuries. In most cases, the underlying cause of lichen planus is unknown.
Lichen planus on the skin can often be significantly alleviated by using a potent corticosteroid cream for a few weeks, followed by intermittent use. If this is not effective, immunosuppressive tablets or medical light therapy with UV-B rays can be used. Treatment of lichen planus on mucous membranes can be challenging. Different gels, creams, or liquids containing immunosuppressive properties can be tried, but it can be difficult to obtain such products and unpleasant to use them. Treatment with immunosuppressive tablets is usually considered, especially if the symptoms are severe. Calcineurin inhibitors, a type of immunosuppressive ointment, can also be attempted.
Lichen planus can resemble many different skin diseases, most notably psoriasis or eczema. It can also resemble pityriasis rosea, lupus, and fungal infections.
Using a moisturizing cream can help alleviate itch. Itis important to avoid skin injuries such as abrasions.
