Impetigo is a superficial skin infection that causes small, fluid-filled sores and crusted inflammation that typically has a"honey-yellow" colour. It can also cause fluid-filled blisters. Impetigo often occurs on the hands, face, and scalp. It is most common during the summer and early fall. Impetigo is harmless and causes moderate discomfort.
Impetigo often occurs on already diseased or injured skin. For example, the skin barrier may be damaged or weakened due to abrasions and eczema, making it easier for bacteria to establish an infection.
Common locations for impetigo are the scalp, face (especially around the nose and mouth), arms, and legs. Impetigo appears as oozing, eczema-like skin changes often covered with honey-yellow crusts. In rare cases, the bacteria can also cause blistering of the skin. Impetigo causes mild symptoms but can be stinging and itchy. Usually, the general condition of the affected individual is good, but a small number of people may develop fever, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes near the impetigo lesions.
Impetigo is a bacterial infection on the surface ofthe skin. The causative bacteria are usually Staphylococcus aureus and/or Group A Streptococcus. In rare cases, impetigo can be caused by Staphylococcus aureus strains that are resistant to various antibiotics (known as MRSA). Having had impetigo in the past does not provide lasting immunity, and the infection can recur.
Impetigo is highly contagious and spreads through contact with the fluid from the sores. It can spread directly from skin to skin or through contact with objects. Frequent and proper handwashing can prevent transmission. Using separate towels or disposable paper towels is recommended.
Impetigo is treated by washing the skin and antibacterial/antiseptic measures (such as using chlorhexidine, hydrogenperoxide, or cetylpyridinium). The goal is to reduce the amount of bacteria, eliminate the infection, and promote skin healing. In cases of extensive skin involvement and/or fever, systemic antibiotic treatment (oral orintravenous) may be necessary. If the patient has an underlying skin condition, such as atopic eczema, it is also important to treat the eczema itself. Sometimes, it is recommended to undergo one to two days of treatment at home before the child returns to daycare/school to prevent further transmission and outbreaks.
In some cases, impetigo may resolve on its own with proper hygiene practices. Crusts can be softened with tap water and then removed. The affected skin should be washed with soap and water orchlorhexidine solution two to three times a day. Since impetigo is contagious for the patient and those around them, it is important to cover the affected areas. The areas can be covered with band-aids or dry dressings. A topical ointment, such as dibromopropamidine can also be used. Additionally, a range of hygiene measures is recommended, including handwashing, keeping nails short, using separate soap, and having a separate towel.
