Ganglion is a relatively common condition, most frequently occurring in young to middle-aged individuals, and more often in women. Wrist cyst is another term used to describe the condition.
A ganglion is observed and felt as a firm and smooth swelling ranging in size from a pea to a golf ball. They can develop rapidly or over a longer period. The size may depend to some extent on the level of activity and often increases during activity. Ganglions are not dangerous and primarily pose a cosmetic concern. However, they may cause discomfort, pain, and restrict hand movement in some individuals. The diagnosis is based on the medical history, physical examination, and possibly additional imaging studies (such as ultrasound and/or MRI).
These cysts occur due to a weakness in a joint capsule or tendon sheath, resulting in an outpouching and the formation of a cyst filled with synovial fluid. The cause is unknown, but wear and tear, as well as previous injuries, are thought to play a role. Occupation has not been shown to be related to the development of ganglion.
Many ganglions disappear on their own, but this can take a long time. Approximately one-third resolve within six years, and 50% within 10 years. If a ganglion does not resolve, grows rapidly, or causes symptoms, a physician may attempt to aspirate the cyst using a needle to drain its contents. If multiple aspirations are unsuccessful or if the location makes aspiration impractical, surgery may be necessary. Such surgeries can be performed under local anesthesia or general anesthesia and typically last 30-45 minutes. However, both aspiration and surgery carry a risk of ganglion recurrence.
Ganglion cysts are also known as "Bible cysts" because in the past, it was recommended to strike the cyst forcefully with the heaviest book available (often a Bible) to rupture it. This method is uncontrolled, can lead to complications, and is not recommended.
Ganglion can partially resemble other tumors and cystsin and under the skin. Lipomas (fatty lumps) are among these conditions. In rare cases, cancer may present as such growths. It is therefore advisable to seek medical attention for clinical examination, evaluation, and advice.
