Within hours or a few days, a red rash develops, which feels warm to the touch. The rash often increases in size rapidly. The skin maybe slightly raised, and lymph nodes may become enlarged. Typically, the rash is unilateral, affecting the face, one arm, or one foot. Fever and malaise are common symptoms. Blood tests may indicate the presence of an infection in the body.
Erysipelas is caused by a bacterial infection in the outermost layer of the skin, most commonly with Streptococcus pyogenes, a type of streptococcal bacteria. In some cases, Staphylococcus aureus can also be involved. The bacteria can enter the skin through a cut, small wound, or existing skin condition (such as eczema). However, it is not always possible to determine how the infection occurred. The infection triggers the body's immune system response, leading to increased blood flow to the affected area and redness of the skin.
Treatment can be initiated by a general practitioner, dermatologist, or at an emergency department. Most cases can be treated with oral antibiotics, but in some cases, hospitalization may be necessary to administer antibiotics intravenously. Penicillin is commonly chosen as the antibiotic. The affected area should be kept at rest.
Sometimes the infection can penetrate deeper layers of the skin, causing more severe symptoms such as intense pain and severe illness (fever, chills, nausea, vomiting). This type of infection is called necrotizing fasciitis. Eczema and psoriasis can also resemble erysipelas, but they often present with dry, itchy skin and the absence of fever. Additionally, there are various other causes of skin redness that need to be assessed by a healthcare professional.
